For those who wonder where this protectionism came from, let me move on to its history: According to the Historical School of German economists, classical economic theory has generally used the deductive method while building its theoretical framework, abstracted, and given too much emphasis to rationality.

I am closely monitoring Trump’s statements about China and the additional customs tariff steps. As someone from a country that loves protectionist measures in foreign trade and implements them without thinking of the consequences, I can say that all of Trump’s actions will return to the U.S. as inflation.

In my job, I am in contact with many foreign colleagues. Besides, we also have foreign friends we meet during various travels. Of course, my phone has been ringing nonstop lately. Interestingly, everyone in Turkey is asking me about the economy, while foreigners are enquiring about the political and social direction the country is heading towards. I think this is the main reason for all our turmoil. Money is the most important matter, not the values.

Before the 21st century, discussions would get stuck at this point: "Are you right-wing or left-wing?" In some countries, due to the near prohibition of right or left, this discussion would take place under different names, but the approach remained unchanged.

A consensus has been reached between Ukraine and the US regarding a ceasefire with Russia. Immediately afterward, the American side made a statement saying, "The rest is up to Putin." I don’t believe that Russia will remain indifferent to these efforts.

Let's start with a simple question. What is the common feature of the following goods or services in a developing country? -A 3-day trip to Barcelona -A medium-sized 4K television -A quality pair of sunglasses -iPhone 16 -A medium-sized branded bag

Conditions must improve in order for progress to be discussed. However, measuring progress is not easy. We all have doubts about which information that pours in from all directions is correct. Moreover, information does not always reflect reality.

It is known that there are errors made in calculating real interest rates everywhere in the world. Even those who define themselves as "experts" calculate real interest rates by subtracting the current inflation rate from the current nominal interest rate.

We entered 2025 at such a rapid pace that, without realising it, we've already reached mid-February. While many are calling 2025 the most challenging year ever, there are some who continue to hold onto hope for the second half of the year. I count myself among them.

"When looking at world history, we have learnt that power does not necessarily mean wisdom and justice," says Yuval Noah Harari in his new book. The first page of the book titled NEXUS starts with this observation. Humanity's continued abuse of power leads it towards self-destruction. He also emphasises an important issue: "Never summon a power you cannot control."

World history is filled with wars, conflicts, and tensions. So, what if these conflicts had never existed? What kind of place would the world be? Have you ever thought about it? You must have pondered this at some point.

- We will send astronauts to Mars. - We will reclaim the Panama Canal. - The Gulf of Mexico will be called the Gulf of America. Thus began 20 January 2025. As soon as Trump was sworn in, he started launching salvos and began burying everything that was done during Biden's term.

On the one hand, we are observing the revised expectations of international institutions for 2025; on the other, we are following the fires in California.

Official U.S. figures indicate the fastest price increase in some sectors from 2020 to 2024 (seasonally adjusted) as follows: Transportation: 27.1% Food and Beverage: 25.2% Housing: 23.7% Other Goods and Services: 22.0% Health Expenditures: 10.0% Apparel: 6.9%

Javier Milei did not perform a miracle. He merely did what was necessary. This implies that leadership will be required to do what is necessary. The reason developing countries struggle to become developed is due to leaders often saying, “This is enough,” rather than doing what needs to be done.